The Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA)

The Epic Of Gilgamesh And Ancient Egypt - 930 Words

Commencements The principle certifiable indications of the change of wrestling backpedal to the seasons of the Sumerians, 5000 years former. The Epic of Gilgamesh written in cuneiform, the figures and the low reliefs, are different sources that reveal the at first refereed competitions, joined by music. There are also various true and archeological clues of wrestling in Ancient Egypt. Among them, it justifies indicating particularly the drawings found in the tombs of Beni-Hassan identifying with 400 couples of wrestlers. These drawings, and various distinctive leftovers, witness the vicinity of associations of wrestlers in Ancient Egypt, wrestling rules and refereeing codes. For the Greeks, wrestling was a science and a marvelous workmanship, and it addresses the most basic get ready for youthful colleagues. Contenders wrestled stripped, with their bodies secured with olive oil and secured with a layer of slight sand to shield the skin from sunshine or from cold in the midst of winter. In the wake of wrestling, they scratched this layer off with an instrument called strigil and washed themselves with water. Fights were similar to those of freestyle wrestling, as showed up by drawings and engravings from that time. The contender who initially hurled his adversary or first chop him down - either on his back, hips, mid-area, knees or elbows - was shown the victor. In the midst of the Ancient Olympic Games, from 708 B.C., wrestling was the conclusive control of theShow MoreRelatedMesopotamian And Ancient Egyptian Are Two Very Comparable946 Words   |  4 Pagesand Ancient Egyptian are two very comparable cultures. There are similar and differences in regards to their Government, Law, Writing, Cities, Religion, Jobs, and Technology. This is reflected in their literatures, Epic Gilgamesh, and the Story of Sinuhe. Gilgamesh in the Epic of Gilgamesh and Sinuhe in the Story of Sinuhe are important characters that outline the perspective of an ancient society’s. The Epic of Gilgamesh was a story completely written in cuneiform. The author for this Epic poemRead MoreChapter 1 Essays896 Words   |  4 Pagesgathering to cultivation of agriculture that permitted man to settle down permanently ending nomadic existence. 2. The Sumerians invented the first written language called Cuneiform. 3. Polytheistic Religion is the belief in many Gods. 4. Epic of Gilgamesh was the first literary story with a protagonist with a name and personality, and earliest written record of the discovery of death 5. One of the first established codes of law was the Hammurabi. 6. Why was the Hammurabi’s Code of law soRead MoreThe Civilizations Of Ancient Civilization1178 Words   |  5 Pagesmeaning â€Å"citizen†, or simply someone who lives in a city. However, what is the difference between a group of people who live in a town and our modern concept of civilization. To find the answer to that question we can turn to the civilizations of ancient times. The beginning of civilization as we know it began in the Neolithic era. This era began with a very distinct change to the way of life, from the old way of migrating constantly to wherever the food roams to settling down in one area and growingRead MoreThe Relationship Between Mythology And History : Ancient Mesopotamia And Egypt1125 Words   |  5 Pages An analysis of the Relationship between Mythology and History: Mythology in Ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt William R Madden Western Civilization September 25, 2017â€Æ' How has history been affected by the myths of ancient cultures? Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary defines the word history as â€Å"a chronological record of significant events.† In contrast, Merriam-Webster defines the word mythology as â€Å"an allegorical narrative† or â€Å"a body of myths: such as: the myths dealing with the godsRead MoreThe Epic of Gilgamesh1067 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Epic of Gilgamesh is so popular and has lasted such a long time, is because it offers insight into the human concerns of people four thousand years ago, many of which are still relevant today. Some of these human concerns found in the book that are still applicable today include: the fear and concerns people have in relation to death, overwhelming desires to be immortal, and the impact a friendship has on a person’s life. It does not take a great deal of insight into The Epic of Gilgamesh forRead MoreAncient Egypt vs. Mesopotamia - Comparative Essay988 Words   |  4 P agesAncient Egypt and Mesopotamia Egypt and Mesopotamia, although similar, are different as a result of one major natural resource: a river. Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia were an agricultural based society that believed in the existence of many deities; however, they differed in the aspect of how they evolved as an agricultural society and whether they feared or praised their gods. Mesopotamia, also known as the Fertile Crescent, was located inside the Euphrates and Tigris River. The fertile landRead MoreMesopotamia, Egypt and China Essay871 Words   |  4 PagesThe civilizations of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia and China were all different but were also developed similar ways of doing things. The political, economic and intellectual outlooks of these ancient peoples say a lot about their ways of life. The religious views of Egypt and Mesopotamia were rather different. II. Politics The political thinking of these ancient civilizations definitely had their differences and also their similarities. A. Mesopotamia Mesopotamia was divided into city-statesRead MoreEpic of Gilgamesh Essay1021 Words   |  5 PagesEpic of Gilgamesh . Mesopotamia, current day Iraq, derived its name from words meaning, the land between the rivers, which refers to the Tigris and Euphrates. This land was inhabited during the fourth millennium B.C.E. and throughout time transcended into political and military organizations. The significance of these cultures revolved around important warrior figures and their impact on society. The most important figure that will be discussed is the protagonist from The Epic of GilgameshRead MoreHow Would You Define the Mesopotamian Ideal of Kingship? Essay930 Words   |  4 PagesHow would you define the Mesopotamian ideal of kingship? They believed in kingship, and it was an honor for a man by the gods. In contrast with other civilizations such as ancient Egypt, Mesopotamians consider a king to be a great man that was selected by the gods to represent them on earth and not divine. A king was expected to keep the gods informed of events in his land and could ask them for advice through the act of worship. This belief was reinforced through the wearing of the divine symbolsRead MoreReligion And State : Religion1508 Words   |  7 PagesSeparating religion and state is not as simple as it may seem. Many ancient civilizations relied on religion to guide them and give their lives a purpose. Some civilizations were even built on the words of their gods. This did not mean every civilization enforced religion to the same extent, societies located in places like Egypt and Asia prioritized religion more than others like the early Mesopotamians. Different documents and pieces of writing emerged though the discovery of thes e civilizations

Biological Aspect Of Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )

A father lost his son in 2014 to a terrible automobile accident. His last memory of his son was holding and kissing his sons lifeless body after the accident and listening to the coroner announce the death of his son. Since his death, this man has suffered from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The worst of his PTSD occurs at the same time every night in a reoccurring dream. He also has shown signs of aggression towards his family who are trying to help him. He’s always shown an aggressive side but this aggressive side is very mean and angry towards others. We’ll discuss the six theoretical models to describe his condition with PTSD. These six models are biological, psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, humanistic and socio-cultural. Firstly we’ll talk about the biological aspect of PTSD and his problem with his son. The biological model is typically a medical standpoint of PTSD and regards a brain with abnormal behavior. Some of the effects of biological mo del are head injury, poor nutrition, genetics, evolution, or viral infections. Some of the treatment could be psychotropic medications, electroconvulsive therapy, or neurosurgery. The man described above, has poor nutrition which could be the only symptom of the biological aspect. With more research, genetics, head injury, and other remaining factors could also be issues as well (â€Å"Abnormal Psychology†). Moving onto the psychodynamic model, this involves the unconscious aspect of PTSD. Experiments were conducted andShow MoreRelatedPtsd : Post Traumatic Stress Disorder1462 Words   |  6 PagesPTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder or serious condition that can develop after a victim who has witnessed or experienced a traumatic event.(American Psychiatric Association, 2013) When PTSD was identified as an mental health condition by the psychologist? The term PTSD first appeared in the 1980s, but the concept of this disorder can be traced back to 1952 when the first edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM was published. The stress reactionRead MoreChildhood Abuse Or Neglect And Genetically Such As Relative With Mental Health Problems1727 Words   |  7 Pagesintervention counselling, current use of psychotropic medication, type of trauma, time since the trauma and following traumatic event† (Karatzias et. al, 2013, p. 503). Not all trauma survivors will develop permanent PTSD disorders and some may be later on will be affected. The risk factors: environmental, demographic, prior psychiatric disorder, personality dimensions, dissociation, biological and cognitive risk factors. â€Å"In the end, the impact of an environmental event, such as a psychological trauma,Read MoreThe Consequences of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder1621 Words   |  6 Pages Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a medical condition that many people suffer from at different ages. Most of the people that have suffered from PTSD have done so due to a major trauma that occurred at some point in their life. Even though the trauma could have happened months or even years earlier, the symptoms can come back when an event or the anniversary of the trauma triggers the memory of the traumatic event. Some of the traumas that cause post-traumatic stress disorder are rapeRead More Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Treatment Essay1416 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1980, the term Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) first came into existence in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition (DSM-III). Only in 1987 did the DSM series make reference to traumatized children. The first major studies of the effects of large traumas on children were Blochs 1956 study of the effect of a tornado in Mississippi, Laceys 1972 study of the effects of an avalanche on a Welsh school, N ewmans 1976 work on the Buffalo Creek disaster and TerrsRead MoreUndoing the Adregenic Response to Treat PTSD1403 Words   |  6 Pagesexample of this is, of course, in trauma, and more specifically Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Understanding how these systems work synergistically and how they may be impaired is particularly important given the political reality that we have a generation of people going to war for multiple deployments. Repeated exposure to intense emotional stimuli and seemingly disturbed memory function are reflected in current rates of PTSD in returning soldiers, reportedly between 17 and 25 percent (DonovanRead MoreWhat ´s Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder? Essay852 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is PTSD? Post-Traumatic Stress Di-sorder is a syndrome exp-erienced by many veter-ans, and is a priority of a plethora of psychological researchers. The Diag-nostic and Statistical Man-ual of Mental disorders lis-ts eight criterion for this widespread mental dis-ease, including a stressor, meddling symptoms, ev-asion, amendments in provocation and react-ivity, and a duration of symptoms for more than a month. PTSD is often characterized by disrupt-ions in sleep patterns, with the traumatic eventRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Essay4334 Words   |  18 PagesPost Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has been the focus of considerable attention, and some controversy, since it was formally recognised in 1980 by the American Psychiatric Association. This essay will discuss the history of this relatively new diagnosis and its place within the DSM-IV-TR, whilst three perspectives of pathological reaction to trauma, namely, socio-cultural, psychological and biological factors will also b e compared. In conclusion this essay will discuss how the three perspectivesRead MoreThe Effects Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder1494 Words   |  6 PagesCauses and Effects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder) Post-Traumatic stress disorder has affected humans probably as long as we have had a higher consciousness, but it is only recently that researchers, medical professionals and psychotherapists have had much understanding into its nature and treatment. Although this disorder may be easy to describe, the effects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder negatively affect a person’s mental health, physical health, work andRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )962 Words   |  4 PagesPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a relatively new name for a condition that has bedeviled veterans of the military service members throughout the history of warfare. It has taken people around the world, especially within the military branches an exceptionally long time to understand and face the reality of a growing epidemic known as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The best and ideal starting point to understand PTSD would be by raising the question, what is PTSD? According to physi ologicalRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1198 Words   |  5 Pages Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) is a mental illness that is triggered by witnessing or experiencing a traumatic event. â€Å"PTSD was first brought to public attention in relation to war veterans, but it can result from a variety of traumatic incidents, such as mugging, rape, torture, being kidnapped or held captive, child abuse, car accidents, train wrecks, plane crashes, bombings, or natural disasters such as floods or earthquakes(NIMH,2015).† PTSD is recognized as a psychobiological mental

Comparison between Othello and Skin - 1414 Words

Compare and contrast the portrayal of the predicament of the outsider in the texts Othello and Skin. To what extent are the differences between the two texts treatment of this theme due to their different historical and cultural contexts? Othello and Skin are both excellent examples of how the outsider is topic in which society is intrigued by. Both Sandra and Othello are both victims of their time and geographical setting, as well as being considered different due to their race and achievements. Although there are a great number of common themes through both Othello and Skin, such as racism, relationships with both family and the community, gender roles in relationships, the role of the outsider and the use of race in relationships, but the difference in historical context, personal achievements, respect and setting between the two are so contrasting that it changes how the audience empathises with the characters, as well as how both Sandra and Othello change during their respective films. The Shakespearean play Othello is about how a black military leader in Venice is undone by an elaborate plan thought up by Iago to overthrow Othello and obtain Othello’s high position in Venice’s military society. Othello was set in the late 16th century, when Venice’s trade was threatened by the growing power of the Turkish Empire. The setting in itself prognosticates a rapid downfall, as during Shakespeare’s time, as Venice would have been synonymous with luxury and culture, but asShow MoreRelatedComparing and Contrasting the Chiaroscuros Between Othello and Iago1709 Words   |  7 Pagessomething. William Shakespeare plays with the status quo of literature in his play Othello by giving Iago, a white man who should represent purity, an evil, black heart and by giving Othello, a black man, a noble, white heart when he should represent evil. Shakespeare â€Å"founds his play on the rupture between outward signifiers and inward signifiers, between the Moo r’s evil-seeming black face and his ‘perfect soul’, between his ancient’s honest-seeming white exterior and the ulcerous evil that breeds aroundRead More The Use Of Animal Imagery In Othello Essay1040 Words   |  5 Pages In William Shakespeare’s play â€Å"Othello† the use of animal imagery was evident throughout the telling of the story. Shakespeare explained several characters actions by comparing them to similarities in animals. The characters in â€Å"Othello† were often depicted as having animal-like characteristics. Some characters were even compared to animals by other characters in the play. By defining characters in terms of these characteristics one can get a clear description of what the character isRead MoreRacism : Elizabethan And Modern Societies1079 Words   |  5 Pagesdiversity, even if it doesn’t quite seem like it. Generations today are more open to ethnic assortment, but yet still are stuck to racial stereotypes. Everyone who is racially diverse is quietly but surely judged based on their different dialect and skin color. Many people today undermine any other race, making their opinions based off of stereotypical theories. Society today obtains high standards of unity. When something is different from the normal, it threatens the unity. This threat often producesRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare990 Words   |  4 Pagesinduce behavior that would otherwise not normally be warranted. In Othello, The Moor Of Venice, jealousy is a very important component of the play. Iago uses jealousy to control the Moor, Othello, into committing various acts against his wife, Desdomona, and one of his soldiers, Cassio. It can be deduced that the sheer powe r of jealousy is the most important theme in Othello because the play shows how a strong General, such as Othello, is subject to this malicious emotion and its trickery, how the strongRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Othello, By William Shakespeare1040 Words   |  5 PagesWhen pairs of texts are considered together, their universal themes and ideas lead to greater understanding, appreciation and insight of both the old and the new. The texts Othello, William Shakespeare (1600) and Othello, Geoffrey Sax (2001), ring true for this statement. Despite the differing contexts and ages, the universal themes of racism and betrayal bring new meaning to each of the texts. The primary meaning from the juxtaposition of the two is that of the human condition, and how the problemsRead MoreRacism In Othello1694 Words   |  7 PagesWhy Would You Think That? Without a doubt, Othello is one of Shakespeares most confrontational pieces of literature. The play has had a tremendous impact on literature for many years. It was written in a time where there was racial segregation, which many people cant believe that there was a successful black leader. Othello, is a very high ranking official in the Army (a powerful general) and is married to a young, white girl named Desdemona. Knowing when this play was written itsRead MoreShakespeares Play, Othello, is More than a Tragedy854 Words   |  3 PagesThe audience can perceive Shakespeares play â€Å"Othello† as just a tragic play of a jealous man in the early 1600s thinking that his wife is cheating on him with another man. It could be just that, however it could be something much deeper. Many argue that the main character Othello may have had a Oedipal Complex. This is a psychoanalytical theory introduced by Sigmund Freud in 1899. It is the idea that one has a desire for sexual involvement with the parent of the opposite sex and a sense of rivalryRead MoreThe Significance of Power in William Shakespeares Othello, Gwen Harwood’s â€Å"In the Park†, and Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close1389 Words   |  6 Pagespower or lack of power including the potential of the individual or groups to use this power to enrich or challenge other people communities or ideologies to what extent is this true of Othello. Power and lack of power have the ability to enrich, even challenge other peoples communities and beliefs. Shakespeare’s Othello is one example of a text that expresses the potency of Power and its abilities to enrich and/or Challenge. Power can be illustrated within a text through: The Power of words, the powerRead MoreA Relationship Between A White And A Black Mother1313 Words   |  6 Pagesstories and music. It is unclear if Morrison is trying to make a comparison between a white and a black mother (the latter is usually reputed to be not-so-good-mothers, especially in American culture). It is challenging to separate race issue in the events of this play. Desdemona tells Barbary that she is color blind when the latter tells her she was just a slave due to the color of her skin. Desdemona tries to show Barbary the bond between them by countering the claim that her whiteness makes a differenceRead MoreShakespeares Use of Language to Show Othellos Changing State of Mind1627 W ords   |  7 Pagesfriendship. This is dramatically effective, being at the beginning of the scene because all through the scene Othello is seen thinking and talking about how disloyal she is. It also makes the tragedy at the end of the play more awful, as the audience knows she really is innocent. Iago then cunningly preys on the inquisitive nature of all humans, including Othello, to mould his mind to thinking the way he would like. He says unbeneficial things, dropping hints as to his feelings

Business Ethics Test Notes Free Essays

Case Test 3 Chapter 12 Ethics Case 12-45 1. If the purchase had been handled properly by the controller this transaction may have been considered within ethical standards. However, evidence of weaknesses in internal control over inventory and possible management override of computerized records, that in all appearances increase the risk of adulterated inventory counts and computerized records in general, warrant response from the auditing team during their assessment of financial statements. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Ethics Test Notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although the number of shirts sold to the auditing team do not constitute a material misstatement in regards to the financial statements, the risk related to fraud should be assessed and mitigated during the planning and carrying out of the audit and further audit procedures. These transactions do not affect the existence and valuation assertions relevant to auditing. The right and obligations assertions, on the other hand, may be impacted as physical counts of inventory and their accuracy and completeness come into question. The auditor should be wary of procedures related to physical counts of inventory. Extra care to mitigate intentional or misintentional inclusion of inventory in the physical count should be countered by the auditing team. Additionally, the audit should further address the implications of the ability of management to override perpetual inventory records and computerized information in general in all other areas of the audit to assure that relevant risks are mitigated and minimized. Outside of the effects on the auditing process, this case does not affect the opinion of the auditor on the audited financial statements. In spite of this, the client should be made aware of the discovery. Although the likelihood of material misstatement of the financial records due to this occurrence is unlikely, the auditor may find that purchase of the shirts negatively impacts thee appearance of independence of the auditor and the level of confidence entrusted to the auditor and auditing firm as a result of the situation. Additionally, the liability of the auditors may become an issue as litigation related to these audited statements arises. 2. The adequacy of the audit will be negatively affected as assertions need to be modified and relevant risks associated addressed to perform a reliable audit. Increases in control and detection risk factors may prompt the auditor to assign more experienced staff to areas identified as high-risk areas for fraud. Saint Leo’s core value of integrity relates to the auditing professing in a variety of ways as it is an inherent requirement in auditing. Auditors must consistently apply ethical paradigms during their professional and personal lives. This practice increases the confidence of the public in the profession as well as in the audited financial statements of companies. Requiring students to uphold this core value prepares them to address ethical concerns in the workplace and holds them accountable for the integrity of their coursework during their studies as well. By consistently practicing this core value, students are better prepared for successful careers that mirror the core values of the institution and contribute to the economic health of society as a whole. Similar essay: Disadvantages of Ethics in the Workplace How to cite Business Ethics Test Notes, Essay examples

Network Infrastructure

Question: Discuss about the Network Infrastructure. Answer: Introduction: Network Infrastructure Network infrastructure is the collection of software and hardware resources of the network at one place. It enables the connectivity among all the resources, operations and whole network management. These all are linked by telecommunication architecture. Various parts of organization are configured through networked cables, switches, routers, network protocols, cables and network access technologies. Infrastructure can be either open or closed like open architecture for internet and closed architecture for private intranet. These connection can be wired or wireless or the combination of both the methodologies. Simplest infrastructure has one or more computer machines, internet connection and a single hub to link all the computers over the network which ties all the system to each other. This hub links computers without limiting data flow among the machines (Barrett Wunderlich, 2011). To limit it or to control the data flow between computers and different systems a switch replaces this hub which creates network protocol to define system communication among machines. To allow this network to communicate with others, it requires a common network connection through router which works as a bridge between different networks. It basically offers a shared language for information exchange and flow between the networks. When many computers in same campus share the common internet connection, then it is defined as a network infrastructure. It does not depend on whether computers are sharing information or not. Internet is an advanced form of network infrastructure which provides global access of network from various systems by allowing web protocols and standards. Most common are web address, known as URLs. Network Convergence and Unified Communications: Expanding organizations like Youi should adopt unified communication. It generally consist unified messaging, web conferencing, IP telephony, video conferencing and voice mails into one system. All these system are helpful to reduce inter departmental cost in a single organization. They are also helpful to boost productivity by providing a large range of applications like collaboration, billing and accounting and e-conferencing and of course unified messaging. Youi is spread on large area now which will increase communication cost among the different departments and teams (Borko, 2011). Unified communication will reduce downtime which is implicit in all interactions. It links all telephones as a single intercom even if they are far apart, it will reduce billing cost. A single network can be easily managed instead of handling large number of networks separately. It is a large cost saver for Youi as the organization will not have to deal with multiple service providers. Lan Types and Cabling Plan: LAN is local area network which interconnects computers in restricted area. It is a well-connected, fast and reliable network infrastructure. Different types of LAN can be understood from this type. Bus type lane connects all machines over a single connection. Ring LAN connects devices to each other and completes a circle. IN star a common system is connected to all other systems. It can be extended by combining many stars. Hierarchical LAN consist a hierarchy in its structure (Cerf, 2007). In Mesh structure all devices are interconnected to each other. CAN: Several buildings in an area can be connected over LAN, it will be referred as Campus area network. This interconnection can be provided by internal sources or by any other external service provider. It is a flat network connecting all buildings in a campus through switches. If buildings are at large distance, they may require routers. These routers are efficient in managing traffic flow and conserving bandwidth for more applications. MAN: If buildings are at more distance like around a city, then this network will be called Metropolitan Area Network. It will be costly for the organization to own this network, so, you can buy this from service providers on lease. Wan Connection with Branches: This is for large area and termed as Wide Area Network. Relay or switches provide the technology to manage the network over multi locations which can span across the globe. Organization will have to negotiate with different service providers across the countries (Dixit, 2006). You will have to use routing protocol to manage network availability or link states. This is a part of huge WN and all online branches will technical part of it. However reliability and bandwidth will be lower in this structure. Certain sensitive information can bot be flown on this network. A private WN can be created for such information. WAN helps for consolidated and centralized services which result in less cost and more efficient communication increasing the overall productivity of the organization. Transmission Media and Connecting Devices: Transmission media is the physical form of connecting computers, people and devices. Each transmission network requires a specialized hardware network which has to be compatible with all systems. Layers are defined for OSI referencing which explains the functionalities of hardware services. Transmission media works at layer 1 of OSI. There are three main media types: Copper Cable: Cables include UTP i.e. unshielded twisted pair, shielded twisted pair and coaxial cable. These are not expensive and can be easily used in comparison to optical cables. There is a major disadvantage of copper cables is that they are useful only for limited spectrum. They are not for handling advance future application like virtual reality or tele-immersion. Wireless: this includes microwave, infrared, radio frequencies and satellite. Deployment of this media is quick and less expensive than cable. They are very effective for less infrastructural areas. Wireless communication is also very helpful where environmental conditions do not allow to use cables because of high cost or impossible cable infrastructure. Wireless do not support much data and they have limited bandwidth (Gengler, 2009). Fiber Optics: They have large bandwidth and immunity to various noise and interfaces with improved safety. It provides clear and relatively noise free communications. But it is costly to deploy and purchase because of requirement of special techniques and equipment. Networked Services: (500) VOIP: Voice over internet protocol is a technology to deliver voice communication over internet. It can be multimedia or voice media. Broadband and internet telephony or broadband phone service, all refer to communication services over public internet rather than PSTN. Delivering voices over internet has similar steps as traditional telephony has. It includes channel setup, signaling and digitization of signals (GHERGHINA PETRICÄ‚, 2013). After that it encodes and transfer them over a circuit based switch network. VOIP is available on personal computers, smartphones and internet devices at lower rates. Many people prefers VOIP over calls. It basically converts an analog signal into digital signal and then transfer it over network. At receiver end it is again converted to digital signal. WWW: World Wide Web is a space for information sharing through documents and other resources. These resources are identified by web links or hypertext links. It is central to developing information age. It is the most used tool by billions of people every day on the internet to share information or interact with each other. Web pages are simple text pages annotated with HTML. Web pages can also contain media, pictures, and video and software components also. User navigate from one page to other through embedded links. Users contribute the content by sharing information on web pages. This information is accessible globally by users. Some information may require authorization. Intranet/Extranet: Intranet is a kind of network not available for users who are outsiders for the network. If it is connected to an internet than it will be hidden by a wall. It provides the security to sensitive information and is used within an organization. It can be setup on a set of computers who are interconnected. It provides faster access with security only to the people who are internal to network. Extranet will be accessible only after access permission through the wall. Only authorized users will be allowed to access the information. Level of access can be decided by the management. Email: Electronic mail is the digital exchanges of information over the internet. It is a way to exchange digital messages between the users across computer network. Non-text files like graphics or multimedia can also be shared by this (Hansen, 2007). It is the most popular use of internet. Email can be shared on both public and private network through online service providers. This service send the information to a targeted set of receivers. Many receivers can be chosen at one time. Protocol used for email transfer is simple mail transfer protocol. Web Services: Web services are standard HTTP, SOAP or XML based application which interact with different application for exchanging information. An existing application can be converted to web application using web services. It is a software which makes application available on internet by using standard messaging system. XML is mostly used for encoding communication to web services. These are distributed, self-contained or dynamic applications which can be located, described or invoked to create processes or products. These applications can be shared locally or on web. Standards like HTML, HTTP or XML are used to create these web services. They enables uninterrupted application to application information exchange. Data Processing Facilities: (500) Data Storage Solution: A growing business will need more data storage solutions for its growing needs. This data can be in the form of text, images, videos, graphics or presentation or excels. Lot of applications also take space to process all this data. A secure and protected data storage is required for all these data and applications. Devices can be chosen based on the need of the organization. This is decided based on the applications running. Location of their servers, amount of data, duplication or un-used data, sensitivity of data, accessibility of data and many more such factors. Some of the solution are: Flash memory drives:These devices consume less power so are useful for smaller devices like mobile. These devices can be connected to other devices or laptops (Zhang, Bu, Zhang, 2013). Information over them can be erased or protected using encryption. Example is memory chip or USB drive. External Hard Drive: These are expensive but simpler way of storing devices. They have larger space and can be connected externally to computers. Data stored on these should have a backup as this data is easily erasable. These are easily portable. Online storage: These devices store data at remote locations and have backup over internet. They do not be required to carry everywhere and can be access from internet whenever required. This provides the facility of large files with other users just by logging into the system and giving access to other users. It is quick way of sharing information. Network Attached Storage: it is a reliable, fast and simple way of data sharing in network environment. It is suitable for small or large organizations. It is an economical way of storing information for multiple users. NAS is easy to deploy without need of IT department and it can be centrally consolidated and managed. Data Processing Model: Data processing is collection and sharing of information to different users. It requires collection, recording, sorting, classification, calculation and communication of data using different methods. Data can be processed in batches where transaction are collected and processed collectively. Another method is On-line processing where transaction are managed when and where they appear. One more method is real time processing which is parallel time processing for on-going activities. References: Barrett, J. J., Wunderlich, E. F. (2011). LAN interconnect using X.25 network services. IEEE Network, 5(5), 1216. doi:10.1109/65.121954 Borko, H. (2011). Data structure and management. Information Storage and Retrieval, 6(6), 467. doi:10.1016/0020-0271(71)90015-5 Cerf, V. (2007). Information infrastructure. IEEE Network, 1(2), 4444. doi:10.1109/mnet.1987.6434193 Dixit, S. S. (2006). Service and network Interworking in a WAN Environment. IEEE Communications Magazine, 34(6), 60. doi:10.1109/mcom.1996.506811 Gengler, B. (2009). Free e-mail services or disservices? Network Security, 1999(3), 8. doi:10.1016/s1353-4858(99)90024-7 GHERGHINA, C., PETRICÄ‚, G. (2013). Wireless LAN Security issues (I). Types of attacks. International Journal of Information Security and Cybercrime, 2(2), 6168. doi:10.19107/ijisc.2013.02.07 Hansen, L. (2007). Network infrastructure security. Network Security, 1997(6), 812. doi:10.1016/s1353-4858(97)89529-3 Zhang, Y., Bu, X., Zhang, C. (2013). A communication Middleware with unified data transmission interface. Communications and Network, 05(01), 3438. doi:10.4236/cn.2013.51b009

Market Cultural Report

Question: Discuss about theMarket Cultural Report. Answer: Introduction The report essentially focuses on understanding the cultural differences between two global markets like Singapore and United States. Singapore is identified as the host market. Use of Hofstede Cultural Dimensions would be incorporated for conducting needed analysis regarding the Singaporean culture in an in-depth fashion. Rationale for Choosing Singapore Singapore is chosen as the host country for it also hosts a branch of the American fashion retailing firm where I am currently employed in United States. The position of the retail industry in Singapore during the 2013 period is reflected in the following illustration. (Spring Singapore , 2014) The operating revenue generated by the retail sector during 2013 is reflected to be $34.5 billion(Spring Singapore , 2014). The above situation effectively reflects the factors that attract potential foreign retailers in the Singaporean market. The fashion retail company with which I am employed in United States has currently decided on expanding its branch in Singapore. I am selected to operate as a departmental manager of one of its international outlets to be located in Singapore. Cultural Analysis Aesthetics The aesthetics based analysis of the Singaporean culture reflects avid existence of different cultures enclaves associated to different global regions like China, India and Malaysia. The Chinatown based in Singapore essentially reflects on the historical facts of China. The cultural heritage initiates from the Chinese Heritage Centre and thereby revolves across different heritage districts. The cultural heritage site reflecting the panorama of Indian culture essentially highlights on the color and vibrancy of the country. Little India that lies on the eastward side of the Singaporean river encompasses different stalls that sells fresh fruit, sweets and also different types of accessories(Singapore Airlines , 2016). The Arab Street of Singapore is highlighted as one of the most colorful region that once hosted the Malay royalty. The Arab Street earns its significance owing to the presence of important mosques. The Sun Yet Sen Nanyang Memorial Hall in Singapore essentially highlights t he revolutionary activities of Dr. Sun related to the Southeast Asian region. Similarly, the Malay Heritage Centre reflects the historical facts, culture and contributions rendered by the Malay community in Singapore. The Perankan Museum based in Singapore essentially displays different types of displays like crafted jewelry, ornaments made of gold and silver, beaded slippers and other ceramic based items, furniture and textiles. The above items throw light on the aesthetic attributes Pernakan heritage(Singapore Airlines , 2016). Values and Attitudes The values and attitudes of the Singaporean community essentially reflect the impact of effective education and income that makes the people react in a sophisticated and modernized fashion. The impact of the western culture on the Singaporean people is potentially reflective based on the modernized values and cultures of the masses. The Singaporean community is also evaluated to essentially focus on the acquisition of large amount of wealth and also strive for higher education. Further, though major sections of the Singaporean community are satisfied with their life yet they are demanding regarding better medical treatment and healthcare facilities(Hassan, 2016). A survey conducted on the Singaporeans essentially reflect the personal values and ideals of the regional members as centered on family, feelings of compassion and respect, increased sense of responsibility, focusing on remaining healthy and happy while also focusing on sustaining morality, virtues and honesty while dealing in their domestic, professional and social lives. Attitudinally, the Singaporeans are observed to be highly competitive, materialistic and self-centered in nature. Further, the Singaporeans also suffer from fear of death and also focus on blaming others for their plight. They also demand greater security support(Sim, 2015). Manners and Customs In terms of manners and customs the Singaporean people place increased importance to body language and no-verbal patterns of communication styles. The Singaporeans regard the keeping of hands on hips while communicating with them as a bad manner in that it reflects needed aggressiveness. Again, the Singaporeans also regard the head to be the sacred part of the body and thus find it wrong for people to touch their head while communicating. Singaporeans also desire communication to be carried on between parties in a suggestive tone rather than being direct or aggressive in nature. The Singaporean people also desire people to sit with their feet facing down such that it does not tend to offend any person(Debenham, 2015). Further, the Singaporeans also endeavor in sustaining a harmonious and effective relationship with other members of the society including their peers, colleagues and their own family members. The members of the Singaporean community also require needed respect to be pai d to the elderly members in the family. Similarly, they also focus on showing respect to the people commanding higher authority in the firms. Relating to the showing of greetings the Singaporean people regard the shaking of hands and also Salaam as effective gestures(Debenham, 2015). The Singaporeans also render increased importance to the parameter of punctuality and thus require the organizational members to be at proper time at the workplace. They also feel that it erroneous for people to open gift items before people that have gifted them such and thus it is customary to open the gift items at a later period(gapyear.com, 2016). Social Structure The analysis of the social structure of Singapore can be essentially reflected based on the existence of crime in the region and the administrative patterns prevalent for countering such. The generation of effective administrative and regulatory standards is observed to considerably help in the reduction of crime rates in Singapore. Moreover, the focus of the Singaporean government on promotion of economic growth and development, generation of developed healthcare and educational facilities to the Singaporean youths and also the incorporation of safety nets has significantly contributed in the reduction of criminal activities in the region. Further, it is observed that around 40 percent of the different types of criminal activities conducted by criminal activists in Singapore is effectively countered through the combined assistance of police force and the members of the social communities. Singapore also reflects the presence of strict criminal detection laws and rules that in turn d issuade the people from getting involved in criminal activities in the region(Leenders Gabbay, 2013). The different ethnic groups in Singapore are the people belonging to the Chinese, Malay and Indian origin. The Chinese people constitute around 74.2 percent of the population followed by 13.3 percent of Malay population and 9.2 percent Indian people. Mandarin, English and Malay are observed to be the main languages spoken in the region(CIA, 2016). Religion The major population in Singapore are essentially Buddhist in nature followed by Muslim, Taoist, Catholic, Hindu and also Christian members. Buddhists tends to constitute around 34 percent of the population where Muslims and Taos constitute around 14.3 and 11.3 percent of the Singaporean population. The people belonging to the Catholic and Hindu religion amount to constitute 7.1 and 5.2 percent of Singaporean population while Christian people comprise 11 percent of Singapores population(CIA, 2016). Different types of religious occasions like Lunar New Year, Deepavali, Christmas, Hari Raya Puasa, Vesak Day and Hari Raya Haji are celebrated in Singapore for addressing the religious needs of diverse communities(Guruswamy, n.d.). Personal Communication Public debating is discouraged in Singapore. Similarly, the practice of correcting or manner of disagreeing with ideologies and statements rendered by elderly members in the family and society and also with people belonging to higher organizational hierarchy is largely dissuaded in Singapore. Arguing, correcting and disagreeing with elderly members in the society tend to affect the self image of the elderly people in the society while also tarnishes self respect of an individual. The Singaporean society largely admits the asking of personal questions associated to weight, income and marital status. Further, the communicators are required to communicate in low and calm tones. The people are discouraged from raising their voice and also overtly showing emotions like anger and sadness in public. Eye contact is also not required to be maintained while maintaining communication. Maintaining an eye contact for a longer period is considered unworthy in Singapore. Physical contact between in dividuals belonging to the same genders is widely acceptable in Singapore(Circles of Excellence , 2014). Education The educational system in Singapore is ideally divided along three different stages like primary, secondary and finally the pre-university education. The primary education stage is made mandatory for all such that the parents that have not made the primary education system available to their wards are amenable to criminal punishment. Examinations are held on the completion of each of the different educational stages for deciding the advancement of the students in the educational field(Rashid, 2012). The education system in Singapore is observed to be mostly funded by the government institutions in Singapore and generates increased focus on the study of different subjects like mathematics, science and other types of technical skills. The students are encouraged and facilitated to generate higher standards in their respective educational institutions which in turn enhance their potentials for generating effective contributions to the larger society(Pornovetz, Quiroga, Rodriguez, Sarmi ento, n.d.). Physical Environments Singapore is observed to be a small island that is increasingly urbanized in nature. The total area of the Singaporean region amounts to 778 square kilometers. Singapore is essentially constituted by a group 63 diverse islands. Singapore is separated from the Malaysian landmass by the Johor Strait. Larger parts of the Singaporean region are covered with avid greenery. The climate of Singapore is observed to be equatorial in nature that in turn reflects the absence of distinct seasons. The temperature along the year remains almost constant ranging from 23 to around 31 degrees centigrade. However, due to chances of heavy rainfall or rise in sea levels, Singapore tends to face the chances of potential floods and also from land loss in the coastal regions(CIA, 2016). Business Culture The American business culture in contrast to the Singaporean business culture reflects reduced existence of Power Distance between the members involved in a firm. Existence of low Power Distance contributes in growth of collaboration between organizational members involved in American firms for decision making functions. The American business culture in contrast to the Singaporean business ethos focuses on encouraging individual growth of employees in a firm rather than aiming for collective growth. Like Singapore the American business culture however essentially focuses on meeting the ambitions and growth needs of the organizational members. The Americans in contrast to the Singaporeans also reflect needed flexibility and openness regarding receptivity to external changes, business processes and innovations. Further, the culture of the American business firms essentially focus on short-term objectives compared to long-term business focus in the Singaporean market. Finally, the Ameri cans like the Singaporeans generate increased importance to the incorporation of leisure time and breaks such that the same helps in enhancing and sustaining the productivity of the employees(Geert Hofstede , n.d. ). Hofstedes 5 Cultural Dimensions Analysis Analysis of Singapores culture based on Hofstedes Cultural Model can be essentially carried out based on the following illustration. (Geert Hofstede , n.d.) Individualism vs. Collectivism Singapore reflects a score of 20 in this dimension. The score of 20 reflects Singapore as a collectivist society that requires the people to not only work in groups but also care for each others feelings, emotions and needs. Business institutions operating in Singapore are thus required to encourage the organizational members to work in a team framework. Similarly, generation of group incentive and medical plans would further help in motivating the people. Power Distance With a high score of 74 Singapore reflects the existence of high power distance between the organizational members. The staffs and managers operating in Singaporean firms essentially depend on orders rendered by the superior members in the organization. The people feel comfortable in a centralized organization structure with formal communication and interaction systems and limited information flows. Business institutions are thus required to possess effective organizational hierarchies for encouraging greater productivity and performance(Taras, Steel, Kirkman, 2012). Uncertainty Avoidance Singapore in terms of Uncertainty Avoidance essentially reflects a very low score of 8. The same reflects that Singaporeans tend to fear the emergence of uncertain situations and contingencies for which they require the existence of regulatory mechanisms and code of conduct to be in place within the firms. Business institutions are thus required to work based on developing effective organizational structures and rules that help the organizational members for effectively following such in addressing business and institutional objectives(Gholipour Tajaddini, 2014). Achievement vs. Nurturing Singapore reflects a middle range score of 48 relating to this dimension. The existence of a middle range score ideally reflects that Singaporean people though tend to look forward for achieving higher grades and promotions yet also focus on looking after or caring for their fellow members and colleagues. The organizational managers thus require helping the individual members to fulfill and achieve their aspirations and ambitions. They require designing conductive working atmosphere that would help people rise up the organizational ladder. Again, the managers are also required to encourage the achievers of sharing their experiences and knowledge with other fellow members and new recruits such that the same would help in encouraging them to generate same or greater productivity(Garcia-Gavilanes, Quercia, Jaimes, 2013). Long Term Orientation In terms of long-term orientation, Singapore reflects an increased score of 72. The higher score obtained in this dimensions essentially shows that the organizational members rely on continuous or long-term efforts and tend to persevere for gaining effective results in future. The managers and owners focus on generating investment for long-term periods such that the same would help the company earn better returns in future. Business institutions are thus required to imbue a long-term business culture based on revising their mission and vision goals. Further, the organizational managers are also required to set long-term business targets while also adequately plan for resources, infrastructure and finances for meeting the long-term goals. Similarly, the business managers are also required to motivate and encourage the workers for generating continual efforts in meeting of long-term goals and objectives(Geert Hofstede , n.d.). Conclusion Empirical discussions and analysis are incorporated in the report for conducting cultural analysis of the Singaporean market. Further, Hofstede cultural dimensions are also incorporated in the report for essentially clarifying the findings. The cultural comparisons of the American and Singaporean market are also carried out in the report for understanding the changes needed to be incorporated in the business institutions for helping the American retail firm conduct its operations in Singapore. References CIA. (2016). Singapore . Retrieved November 29, 2016, from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html Circles of Excellence . (2014, August 2). Cultural Clues, Dos Taboos: Communication Guidelines for SINGAPORE. Retrieved November 29, 2016, from https://www.circlesofexcellence.com/blog/2014/08/cultural-clues-dos-taboos-communication-guidelines-for-singapore/ Debenham, L. (2015, February 26). Etiquette in Singapore. Retrieved November 29, 2016, from https://www.traveletiquette.co.uk/etiquettesingapore.html gapyear.com. (2016). Local Customs in Singapore. Retrieved November 29, 2016, from https://www.gapyear.com/countries/singapore/local-customs Garcia-Gavilanes, R., Quercia, D., Jaimes, A. (2013). Cultural Dimensions in Twitter: Time, Individualism and Power. Proceedings of the Seventh International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (pp. 195-204). Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence . Geert Hofstede . (n.d.). Singapore . Retrieved November 30, 2016, from https://geert-hofstede.com/singapore.html Geert Hofstede . (n.d. ). What about the USA? Retrieved November 30, 2016, from https://geert-hofstede.com/united-states.html Gholipour, H. F., Tajaddini, R. (2014). Cultural dimensions and outbound tourism. Annals of Tourism Research , 30, 1-3. Guruswamy, R. (n.d.). Religions in Singapore. Retrieved November 29, 2016, from https://worksingapore.com/articles/live_7.php Hassan, N. J. (2016, January 9). Right behaviours, attitudes and values will lead to cleaner environment: Masagos. Retrieved November 29, 2016, from https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/right-behaviours/2412092.html Leenders, R. T., Gabbay, S. M. (2013). Corporate Social Capital and Liability. United Kingdom : Springer Science Business Media. Pornovetz, J., Quiroga, M., Rodriguez, P., Sarmiento, J. (n.d.). Social Structure. Retrieved November 29, 2016, from https://urp3001grp10.weebly.com/social-structure.html Rashid, F. A. (2012). Biography Of The Early Malay Doctors 1900-1957 Malaya And Singapore. Singapore : Xlibris Corporation. Sim, W. (2015, July 24). Singaporeans rated themselves as kind and friendly, but society as kiasu and competitive. Retrieved November 29, 2016, from https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singaporeans-see-virtues-like-compassion-in-themselves-but-view-society-as-materialistic Singapore Airlines . (2016). Singapore Cultural Enclaves. Retrieved November 29, 2016, from https://www.singaporeair.com/microsite/global/BPP/g-wonders-cultural-enclaves.html Spring Singapore . (2014). Retail . Retrieved November 30, 2016, from https://www.spring.gov.sg/Developing-Industries/RT/Pages/retail.aspx Taras, V., Steel, P., Kirkman, B. L. (2012). Improving national cultural indices using a longitudinal meta-analysis of Hofstedes dimensions. Journal of World Business , 47, 329-341.

Vegetation Sampling

Abstract Previous studies have revealed quite an interesting phenomenon that occurs in the semi arid lands in western United States. Sagebrush steppe (Artemisia tridentata) is a foundation plant in the Great basin of USA (Inouye 606). This species is ill adapted to the environment is usually vulnerable to environmental effects such as wild fires and other human activities. The destruction of this species often leads to alteration in the ecosystem thus facilitating the proliferation of exotic species.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Vegetation Sampling – Barton Road specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This study sought to determine how the removal of herbs and increase in nitrogen affects the abundance herbaceous vegetation. The study was carried out in a designated area that had earlier been divided into different plots that were subjected to different treatments as follows; low nitrogen, high nitrog en, no sage brush and a control plot whose conditions were not altered. The results indicate that the removal of brush and increase in nitrogen deposition leads to increased herbaceous vegetation. Introduction Sagebrush steppe is traditionally associated with western United States (Bechtold and Inouye 74). However, change in the vegetation in those areas has been influence by growing of crops and grazing activities. In addition, the presence and movement of domestic livestock has increased the spread of plant species that were introduced to this area (Inouye 606). Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorium) is one of the annual grass species that were introduced and has now spread to vast areas of the intermountain west (Baker 179). This annual grass species spreads easily because of its ability to complete its â€Å"vegetative growth stage early in the summer, leaving behind dry materials that burn easily† (Baker 179, par. 2). Thus cheatgrass is significantly associated with the cases of wildfires as its litter provides fuel for the wildfires. Several species of shrubs that are found in the sage brush steppe communities and more specifically sagebrush (Artemisia Tridentata) are ill adapted to fire breakouts (Inouye 607 ). Usually after wildfire incidences, sagebrush often disappears leaving behind a plant community that is predominantly composed of herbaceous species (Inouye 607). Studies have indicated that in various plant communities there is always one or a few species that have more access to water or nutrient cycling compared to other species (Rein and Berendse 64). This species of plants are often referred to as foundation species. Some studies have assessed how the foundation species interfere with other plant species in the community (Prevey, Germino and Huntly 39). It is usually observed that if the foundation species is removed from a given ecosystem then more nutrients are made available to the other species. The increase in resource availability has bee n implicated as a mechanism for the invasion and persistence of the exotic species (Prevey, Germino and Huntly 39). The sagebrush (Artemisia tridentanta) is foundation plant is found in the â€Å"shrub steppe, cold-desert ecosystems of the Great Basin, USA† (Prevey, Germino and Huntly 39, par. 3).Advertising Looking for research paper on ecology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Wildfires and other effects that result directly from human activities have cleared vast traditional habitats of this foundation species. This has caused the exotic herbs to increase in those areas. In direct evidence has suggested that incidences of extensive wildfires may have occurred at intervals of between 30 to longer than 200 years in the sagebrush steppe before the arrival of European settlers (Baker 179). Currently, outbreaks of wildfires occur more frequently at intervals of approximately five years. Human activities have also impacted negatively on vegetation cover through increased nitrogen output. This nitrogen mostly results from industrial processes such as the burning of fossil fuels, have released large amounts of nitrogen into the atmosphere (Inouye 607). Normally, nitrogen is often a restraining resource in most terrestrial plant communities that includes those found in arid land (Inouye 607). An increase in the output of nitrogen may lead to an increase in â€Å"plant biomass, shifts in the relative abundance of plant species, changes in plant species richness and it may result in a prolonged period during which annual species dominate disturbed sage-steppe vegetation† (Baker 180, par.4). Rothamsted Experimental station that is located in the UK has for a long time conducted researches on nitrogen cycling in the Ecosystems. Recent data from the station indicate that there is a larger concentration of nitrogen in the atmosphere during winter as compared to summer. This is attributed to the use of c entral heating systems and to the variations in the direction of wind. This study sought to identify how the removal of shrubs influences the abundance of herbaceous vegetation and the community structure of a sagebrush steppe community. It also sought to determine what changes may occur in the sagebrush steppe community under the influence of increase deposition of nitrogen. Thus the study was carried out in a designated area that was divided into different plots subject to different treatments. This was both a field and lab exercise in which a relationship was to be drawn between the treatment and the effect observed on the plants. Hypothesis Null hypothesis: The removal of shrubs and increase in nitrogen deposition increases the abundance of herbaceous vegetation.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Vegetation Sampling – Barton Road specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Alternative Hypothesis: The remo val of shrubs and increase in nitrogen deposition does not increase the abundance of herbaceous vegetation Methods Study area The study was carried out on a designated area on Barton road. The area had previously been divided into thirteen plots which were fenced to minimize human and other forms of interference. The study site is located in Bannock county, area that is semi arid with cold winters, moist springs, and warm dry summers. The study area was used as a grazing ground prior to 1990 and was acquired for research purposes n 1996. The area is dominated the Shrub Artemisia tridentata which is mainly responsible for the sagebrush-steppe ecosystem. Experimental design The study site was previously divided into 13 plots and four treatments assigned randomly to the plots. Control (no treatment) plots # 1,5,7 and 11( N=4) Shrub removal. Plots # 4,9 and 13 (N=3) Low nitrogen addition (6Kg/ha/yr). Plots number 2,8 and 12 (N=3) High nitrogen (12 Kg/ha/yr) plots # 3, 6 and 10 (N=3) T he plots used in this experiment measured 20 by 20 meters. Field procedures The Tragopogon dubius plants were located in the plots. The maximum height for each flowering stock was measured by a meter ruler and recorded for all the flowering plants plus the number of flowering heads that were present. Any other thing that is unusual and by be relevant to the study was also recorded. For instance, the presence of aphids, whether the plant has been browsed by any herbivore and the appearance of any disease condition. In the same plots that Tragopogon was sampled, the above ground herbaceous biomass was sampled. Two suitable clipping areas were identified on each plot and a pair of scissors used to cut at ground level all herbaceous (no-woody) plant material that was rooted inside the clipping area. Plants that had their roots outside the clipping frame were not clipped. Four sampling sections measuring 1 by 12 meters were created on the outer part of each plot leaving the center intac t. The clipping strips measured 15 x 100 cm and the grass and forbs that had their roots located inside the strip were clipped off at the ground level. Shrubs, mosses, cacti or lichens were not clipped. The grass was then placed in one bag and forbs in the other and then labeled appropriately with the following information; date, plot #, group members and the type of plants. The bags were then transported to the lab, the plants sorted out, the weights measured using a scale and the results recorded in grams. Results The results for the different parameters were measured and tabulated as follows. The results forbs biomass and number of tragopogon plants from same plot were entered in one table as shown. Table 1: Control plots Plot Number # of tragopogon plants Average forb biomass 1 97 0 5 71 0.253 7 79 1.23 11 40 0.04 Average 71.75 0.38075 Table 2: Low Nitrogen PlotsAdvertising Looking for research paper on ecology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Plot Number # of tragopogon plants Average forb biomass 2 39 0 8 51 0.472 12 282 2.86 Average 124 1.111 Table 3: High nitrogen plots PlotNumber # of tragopogon plants Average forb biomass 4 632 3.003 9 399 1.825 13 751 3.048 Average 594 2.625 Table4: No brush plots Plot Number # of tragopogon plants Average forb biomass 3 115 0.243 6 120 0.851 10 102 0.47 Average 112.333 0.521 A bar graph showing the average number of Tragopogon plants in the different plots that received different treatments. A bar graph showing the average levels of forbs biomass in the different plots that received different treatments Height of stalks and the Number of flowering heads The tragopogon stalk height and the number of flowering heads were measured randomly in one section of the different plots and the results tabulated in a table that is not shown due to its length. The data was subjected to statistical analysis to determine whether the height of the stalks influenced the number of flowering heads. According to the p-value there is a significant linear relationship between the number of flowering heads and plant height. R2=0.113915, p value= 3.74E-10, slope= 0.029369, n=327. As plant height increases the number of flowering heads increases due to the increasing regression line. The association between the numbering of flowering heads and plant height is weak based on the multiple R value of 0.338. Only 11% of the variation in the number of flowering heads is explained by plant height. Discussion The results obtained from the above study indicate that indeed the nitrogen deposition and shrub removal have led to the increase in the abundance of herbaceous vegetation. The results showed that forbs clipped from plots that had low nitrogen tended to have lower biomass values as compared to those from plots that had high nitrogen. The number of tragopogon plants is also higher in plots that were treated with high nitrogen as compared to tho se with low nitrogen. This shows the increased nitrogen deposition as a direct result of human activities such as industrial processes is partly responsible for the increase in herbaceous vegetation. Plots that had no brush also indicated higher number of tragopogon plants compared to those whose sagebrush was left intact. For instance, the control plots had an average of 71 tragopogon plants while those with no brush had an average of 112 tragopogon plants. This shows that the removal of brush, which is a foundation plant, altered the ecosystem and thus making more nutrients to be available for the tragopogon. The removal of sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) and increase in nitrogen deposition are phenomena that occur together and thus can be used to explain the colonization of traditional sagebrush steppe areas with exotic herbs. Measurement of stalk lengths versus the number of flowering heads showed that the increase in plant height leads to an increase in the number of flowering heads. The reason may be that a plant with a long stalk has an advantage over others in terms of access to light for food manufacture. In this study it was revealed that there was more vegetation abundance in the plots that had high nitrogen rates. This reiterates the claim that increased nitrogen deposition resulting from human activities actually affects the ecosystems. Increased human activities have modified the nitrogen cycle through increased fixation by legumes, by energy and fertilizer production, and by the mobilization of nitrogen from long –term storage pools (Rein and Berendse 65). The extra reactive nitrogen is readily transported through the environment, and there is increasing evidence that ecosystems are changing due to eutrophication and acidification (Baker 179). Works Cited Baker, William. â€Å"Fire and restoration of sage ecosystems.† Wildl Soc Bulletin (2006): 34:177-185. Web. Bechtold, Harry and Richard Inouye. â€Å"Distribution of carbon and nitrogen after six years of nitrogen addition and shrub removal.† J Arid Environ (2007): 71:122 – 132. 7th December 2010. Inouye, Richard. â€Å"Effects of Shrub removal and nitrogen addition on soil moisture in sagebrush.† Journal of Arid Environments (2006): 65: 604-618. 7th December 2010. Prevey, Janet, et al. â€Å"Exotic plants increase and native plants decrease with loss of foundation species in sagebrush steppe.† Plant Ecol (2010): 207:39–51. 7th  December 2010. Rein, Aerts and Frank Berendse. â€Å"The effects of Increased Nutrient Availability on Vegetation Dynamics in Wet Heathlands .† Vegetation (1998): 1: 63-76. Print. This research paper on Vegetation Sampling – Barton Road was written and submitted by user Santiago N. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Pardoner And The Brothers Essays (540 words) -

The Pardoner and the 'brothers' The Pardoner and the 'brothers' Throughout literature, relationships can often be found between the author of a story and the story that he writes. In Geoffrey Chaucer's frame story, Canterbury Tales, many of the characters make this idea evident with the tales that they tell. A distinct relationship can be made between the character of the Pardoner and the tale that he tells. Through the Prologue to the Pardoner's tale, the character of the Pardoner is revealed. Although the Pardoner displays many important traits, the most prevalent is his greed. Throughout the prologue, the Pardoner displays his greed and even admits that the only thing he cares about is money: "I preach nothing except for gain" ("Pardoner's Tale", Line 105). This avarice is seen strongly in the Pardoner's tale as well. In the Pardoner's tale, three friends begin a journey in order to murder Death. On their journey, though, an old man leads them to a great deal of treasure. At this point, all three of the friends in the tale display a greed similar to the Pardoner's. The three friends decide that someone should bring bread and wine for a celebration. As the youngest of the friends leaves to go buy wine, the other two greedily plot to kill him so they can split the treasure only two ways. Even the youngest decides to "put it in his mind to buy poison / With which he might kill his two companions" (383, 384). The greed, which is evident in the character of the Pardoner, is also clearly seen in the tale. Another trait that is displayed by the Pardoner and a character in his tale is hypocrisy. Although the Pardoner is extremely greedy, he continues to try and teach that "Avarice is the root of all evil" (6). The characters in his tale display great hypocrisy as well. As the tale begins, the friends all act very trustworthy and faithful towards all of their friends. They nobly make a decision to risk their lives while trying to slay their friend's murderer. As they talk about their challenge, they pledge "to live and die each of them for the other, / As if he were his own blood brother" (241-242). At the end of the tale, the "brothers" begin to reveal their true nature. They all turn on each other in an attempt to steal the treasure for themselves. All of the loyalty, which they had pledged, was simply a lie and no faithfulness remained. While the two older "brother" plotted to kill the younger, the younger"brother" plotted "to kill them both and never to repent" (388). Thus, these so-called faithful "brothers" display their true ruthlessness and reveal their hypocrisy in relation to the Pardoner's character. The characters in the "Pardoner's Tale" match the unctuous nature of the Pardoner in a great deal of ways. All of these traits and ideas that are seen in both the Pardoner and the tale that he tells show a strong relationship in the two. Chaucer used this technique in all of the tales that are recorded in Canterbury Tales. This technique gives a greater insight into the mind of the teller. By analyzing the tales, it is possible to learn much about the teller of the tale. Using this method, Chaucer focuses on the characteristics of each of the people involved in Canterbury Tales, but also keeps the poem interesting.

Free Essays on Are We Alone

The prospects of finding life elsewhere in the Solar System Thirteen thousand years ago, a dazzling meteor flashed into existence in the skies above Antarctica. As it ploughed earthwards, the heat of its fall ripped apart the atoms of the air, leaving behind a brilliant trail that lit up the icy landscape. It would have made a beautiful sight, if anybody had been there to see it. The meteor's surface melted, then vapourised, and as the rocky ball tore towards the ground it slowly shrank. Ordinarily such an object would have been completely destroyed long before making contact with our planet's surface, but this one was not. A small chunk - about two kilograms of it - survived the fall, and lay there, hot and steaming, on the cold Antarctic ice. Most meteorites that are found on Earth are simply interplanetary debris - small pieces of junk left over from the violent formation of our Solar System, four and half billion years ago. But this particular meteorite was special. It had come from Mars, blasted from its home planet fifteen million years ago by a cosmic impact even more spectacular than the one in which it fell to Earth. This potato-shaped lump of rock, codenamed ALH84001 by the scientists who first discovered it, was a messenger from another world. And buried deep within its baked interior lay what may have been humanity's first tantalising glimpse of an alien lifeform. Every few years, the red disc of Mars passes particularly close to the Earth, and human observers are afforded an especially good view of the planet that has fascinated mankind since ancient times. This fortunate configuration of the planets is known to astronomers as a "favourable opposition", and one such event occurred in the year 1877. Among the many observers who turned their telescopes towards the Red Planet in that year was the Italian Giovanni Schiaparelli, who was surprised to see a network of dark, greenish lines criss-crossing the planet's rusty ... Free Essays on Are We Alone Free Essays on Are We Alone The prospects of finding life elsewhere in the Solar System Thirteen thousand years ago, a dazzling meteor flashed into existence in the skies above Antarctica. As it ploughed earthwards, the heat of its fall ripped apart the atoms of the air, leaving behind a brilliant trail that lit up the icy landscape. It would have made a beautiful sight, if anybody had been there to see it. The meteor's surface melted, then vapourised, and as the rocky ball tore towards the ground it slowly shrank. Ordinarily such an object would have been completely destroyed long before making contact with our planet's surface, but this one was not. A small chunk - about two kilograms of it - survived the fall, and lay there, hot and steaming, on the cold Antarctic ice. Most meteorites that are found on Earth are simply interplanetary debris - small pieces of junk left over from the violent formation of our Solar System, four and half billion years ago. But this particular meteorite was special. It had come from Mars, blasted from its home planet fifteen million years ago by a cosmic impact even more spectacular than the one in which it fell to Earth. This potato-shaped lump of rock, codenamed ALH84001 by the scientists who first discovered it, was a messenger from another world. And buried deep within its baked interior lay what may have been humanity's first tantalising glimpse of an alien lifeform. Every few years, the red disc of Mars passes particularly close to the Earth, and human observers are afforded an especially good view of the planet that has fascinated mankind since ancient times. This fortunate configuration of the planets is known to astronomers as a "favourable opposition", and one such event occurred in the year 1877. Among the many observers who turned their telescopes towards the Red Planet in that year was the Italian Giovanni Schiaparelli, who was surprised to see a network of dark, greenish lines criss-crossing the planet's rusty ...

How College Students (and Grads) Can Gain Strategic Thinking Skills

How College Students (and Grads) Can Gain Strategic Thinking Skills Strategic thinking ranks high on almost every employer’s list of desirable traits. For example, recruiters in a Bloomberg Business report ranked strategic thinking as the 4th most important trait - but also one of the hardest skills to find in job applicants. In a Robert Half Management survey, 86% of CFOs considered the ability to think strategically to be important – with 30% listing it as â€Å"mandatory,† and 56% stating that it was â€Å"nice to have.† Unfortunately, the Robert Half survey also revealed that only 46% of employers provide any type of professional development. So, college students – and employees – need to take the initiative to develop these skills on their own. What is strategic thinking? The definition of strategic thinking may vary based on the person providing the explanation, but in its broadest sense, the term refers to the ability to identify critical situations, analytically and creatively evaluate relevant information, and determine the consequences of choosing a particular action. Dr. A.J. Marsden, an assistant professor of psychology and human services at Beacon College in Leesburg, Fla, tell ThoughtCo, â€Å"Generally speaking, strategic thinking is a cognitive process in which individuals think about, assess, view, and achieve success in their own and others’ lives.† She adds, â€Å"It is knowing how to assess a situation and pick the best option.† In a workplace setting, strategic thinking can help companies focus on what’s important. DeLynn Senna is the executive director of Robert Half Finance Accounting, and the author of a blog post on boosting strategic thinking skills. Senna tells ThoughtCo, â€Å"Strategic thinking involves finding ways to help the business prosper and going beyond the task level.† While some people erroneously assume that management and senior executives are responsible for critical thinking, Senna says, â€Å"It’s something that can impact every level of an organization, and is important for those entering the working world to develop early in their careers.† However, there’s more than just one component to strategic thinking. According to Blake Woolsey, executive vice president of the Mitchell PR firm, there are 8 characteristics that separate strategic thinkers from nonstrategic thinkers: Future-based vs. reactiveCurious vs. isolatedLong-term focus vs. short-term focusWilling to take risks vs. cautiousAble to prioritize vs. unable to prioritizeNimble vs. inflexibleLife-long learner vs. satisfiedCreative vs. predictable    Why strategic thinking is so important This trait helps individuals make better decisions so they can be successful on a personal and professional level. â€Å"Strategic thinking helps individuals focus, prioritize, and be more proactive in addressing specific issues and situations,† Marsden explains. â€Å"The main advantage to strategic thinking is that it helps people achieve their goals more quickly and efficiently -  it focuses on problem solving and creating a clear path to your goal.† Voltaire, the great French philosopher, once said, â€Å"Judge a man by his questions rather than his answers. Strategic thinking also includes the ability to ask the right questions. Dr. Linda Henman, author of â€Å"Challenge the Ordinary,† and â€Å"How to Move Beyond Indecision and Good Intentions,† tells ThoughCo, â€Å"When we start with ‘what’ and ‘why,’ we can get to the core of the issue we need to discuss or the problem we need to solve.† However, she believes that starting with the â€Å"how† question can lead to being distracted by methods.   And using the what/why principle, Henman says there are five specific advantages of strategic thinking: Strategic thinking helps us zero in on the critical few as we put aside the trivial many.Strategic thinking helps us keep a global perspective, which in turn, leads to dispassionate, logical thinking, not emotional reactions.When we think strategically, we see patterns and anticipate consequences.We can prioritize better when we think strategically.Strategy keeps us focused on the future, not the present or past. It’s easy to see why companies want employees with these skills. An organization is only as good as its employees, and it needs workers with the ability to make a significant impact. â€Å"Employers want big-picture thinkers with strong business acumen,† Senna says. â€Å"Hiring managers look for professionals who can use their expertise to develop and execute strategies and projects to help the business grow, increase profits, and maintain costs.†    How to develop strategic thinking skills Fortunately, strategic thinking skills can be developed, and there are a variety of settings and situations that provide opportunities for growth in this area. Senna offers the following tips: Volunteer to lead a project team, including one with colleagues from other departments. This can help you gain diverse perspectives and exposure to different problem-solving techniques.Look for training opportunities offered by your company, an external organization, or even a college class or webinar on the subject. Professional industry associations can be a good place to start to find this.Pair up with a mentor who can walk you through different decision-making processes and help you present your ideas to department leaders. This step can be especially valuable for those launching their careers.Tap the power of data. Learn how to turn business intelligence into actionable recommendations for the business. Marsden includes four additional tips: Be proactive about researching and gathering information that will help you make decisions in the future.   Read journals and articles that will help you be more informed. And when you don’t fully understand something, ask questions.  Constantly question your own opinions.  How did they form? What influences them? Are they logical? Be open-minded to the opinions of others.Learn how to embrace conflict and how to use it to come up with a creative solution.   Surround yourself with people who have different worldviews. This gives you (and them) an opportunity to learn from each other.Be sure to take cognitive breaks and allow your brain to rest.  Take time off for a brain break and put yourself in a different type of environment. This will help you develop perspective.

How Similes Work

How Similes Work A simile is a direct comparison of two different and often unrelated objects. Similes  are useful for making creative writing come to life. Common similes include run like the wind, busy as a bee, or as happy as a clam. Before looking at any examples, you should try a little brainstorming exercise. First, jot down a list of characteristics of the subject youre writing about. For example, is it noisy, dense, or annoying? Once you have a shortlist completed, look over those characteristics and try to imagine an unrelated object that shares those characteristics. This list of similes will help you come up with your own examples. Similes That Include the Word Like Many similes are easy to identify because they include the word like. The cat slipped through the crack like liquid.The delicious smell meandered through the house like a stream.That bed was like a pile of rocks.My heart is racing like a frightened rabbit.The fire alarm was like a screaming baby.Watching that movie was like watching paint dry.The winter air was like a cold razor.The hotel was like a castle.My brain was like a sun-baked brick during the exam.I shook like a rattlesnakes tail.Being grounded is like living in an empty desert.The alarm was like a doorbell in my head.My feet were like frozen turkeys.His breath was like a fog from a haunted bog. As-As Similes Some similes use the word as to compare two objects.   That kid can run as fast as a cheetah.Hes as cute as a frogs dimple.This sauce is as hot as the sun.My tongue is as dry as burnt toast.Your face is as red as hot coals.His feet were as big as a tree.The air was as cold as the inside of a freezer.These bed sheets are as scratchy as sandpaper.The sky is as dark as ink.I was as cold as a snowman.Im as hungry as a bear in springtime.That dog is as messy as a tornado.My sister is as shy as a newborn fawn.His words were as soft as snowflakes on a leaf. Similes can add a creative flourish to your paper, but they can be tricky to get right. And remember:  similes are great for creative essays, but not really appropriate for academic papers.

Competition Law And Consumer Protection Case Study

Competition Law And Consumer Protection - Case Study Example Consumers are now defined as people who buy for purposes unrelated to their trade, business or profession. As per the statute, consumers have to be sold goods of satisfactory quality, after taking into account description, price and other relevant circumstances. If an item is defective at the time of sale, which is referred to as a latent or inherent fault, then the consumer lodge a complaint on the discovery of such a defect. Consumers will not be entitled to a legal remedy in respect of: The condition as set out in The Sale of Goods Act 1979, in respect of merchantable quality of the goods, specifies that the implied terms, "where the seller sells goods in the course of a business, there is an implied term that the goods supplied under the contract are of merchantable quality except that there is no such condition." In Thornett & Fehr v Beer & Son, the buyer bought some barrels of vegetable glue from the seller without properly inspecting the contents, though every opportunity for doing so was offered by the seller. The court decided that if there has been some examination then the buyer cannot complain about defects which a full examination would have revealed4. The Sale of Goods Act 1979 defines implied terms with regard to reasonable fitness of purpose as the sale of goods by a seller in the course of a business and the buyer, expressly or by implication, makes it known to the seller or where the purchase price or part of it is payable by installments and the goods were previously sold by a credit broker to the seller to that credit broker5. In Griffiths v Peter Conway ltd, it was held by the court that special purpose must be communicated expressly or by implication6. This was also reiterated in Slater v Finning7. If there is only one purpose for which something is bought then the fitness of its purpose is implied.

LANGUAGE, POWER & IDENTITY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

LANGUAGE, POWER & IDENTITY - Essay Example Thus, becoming the language of International Business, Diplomacy and Science. It has indeed united world on a common platform, serving as the global language (NORTON, 2000). However, English is spoken and written differently by different people, all over the world. The fact that one language is diversified owes to the impact of minor ideological, social and linguistic differences among human societies and communities. Different societies and communities have their own â€Å"Standard English† which is dependent of their culture, accent, prestige and social status. Variants of such are reportedly observed and seen. National integrity and identity are the driving forces of such variants. This has led the world to move to the communication chaos, as one specific language same in context, accent and written format fails to exist. The curriculum for National Curriculum for English is in discussion and debate since the 1980’s (WARDHAUGH, 2002). Standard English is not "a language" in any meaningful sense (FAIRCLOUGH, 2001). It is not a style, accent, language or register but by many is proposed to be a dialect, which in more specific term is a variety of dialect more commonly used. There is no specific background or record of where it is from. Standard English is associated with authority, discipline and traditional, moral and social order. Standard English has colloquial as well as formal variants. Migration of communities, casts, race and societies changed the essence of the native English Language of the Britain. The Anglos, Saxons and Jutes are majorly responsible for one such variant. Thus, Standard English is taken to be the combination of different linguistic features of accent, style and arthrography of a culture and community promoting impact on the language. Natively, English is spoken in United States, Canada, South Africa, Australia

CRIME SCENE PROJECT Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

CRIME SCENE PROJECT - Research Paper Example Based on the information provided, the body had only been there a few minutes before the customer found it. The bar patron could have shot the victim, gotten out and pretended to get inside the restroom. The bar had no surveillance cameras which makes it difficult to monitor who came in and out the restrooms. In Jacqueline Girdner’s Murder, My Deer (2000), the character Felix who found the body of the victim was considered the primary suspect by the investigating officers. Without information regarding evidences that aid in determining the suspect (Levinson, D., 2002), the person who first finds the body is considered a primary suspect. No matter how the first officer arriving at the scene found out about the crime, â€Å"he or she must make every effort to detain the person who initially reported the crime and not allow the individual access to the crime scene†¦ After all, a perpetrator may believe that reporting the crime makes him or her less likely to be a suspect †¦ (Lyle, D., 2010).† The offender may also be the one of the people who last spoke to the victim at the bar. This group is composed of the bartender and the people sitting next to the victim at the bar he â€Å"had several short conversations with (Crime Scene #3, 2002).† Based on the given information, the bartender recalled that â€Å"no one approached the victim (Crime Scene #3, 2002)† when he had attended to the victim’s drinks. Since the victim knew him, this can explain why there are no signs of a struggle in the crime scene. The same can be said for the people who sat next to him at the bar and spoke to him. The bar was full & the men’s restroom is not next to the women’s restroom. There are no surveillance cameras. It would not be noticeable whether the offender who entered the male restroom to kill the victim was male or female. It was also provided that some people were not pleased with the victim in the course of time he visited the

Science Plant Study and Animal Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Science Plant Study and Animal Study - Essay Example A mix of dense, green-grey color, they provide rich ornamental view at open places giving a natural feel in concrete neighborhood. They are intolerant of shade and require space. The name Grevillea is in memory of Charles F. Greville (1749-1807), one of the founders of the Royal Horticultural Society of London. As diverse as trees, shrubs and ground covers, Proteaceae plants are found in frost free, arid regions with scanty rainfall. Warm, dry conditions suit these plants and they thrive in environments that other plants may not find conducive to survive. Some also bloom in winter. The name Proteaceae is taken after the Greek god, Proteus, whose penchant for self-transformations in various shapes has passed on to the plant which also assumes different shapes in different regions of the world. The protea species are tough, hard and resilient. They require minimal nutrients, very little moist, and loose and gravelly soil. The plant is designed to survive in tough conditions by retaining moist in its leaves and flowers. It is not compatible with moist saturated soil and is more suited for mineral rich soil with less phosphate content and where water drains fast. Hillside slopes where the soil is loose also serve as ideal breeding ground for proteaceae plants. The flower is the size of a dinner plate. It is showy and decorative. It has brilliant orange-yellow color. The flowers are nectar-bearing, and attract birds and insects. Some species attract insects and trap them with their sticky exterior killing them for no apparent reason. Leaves Proteaceae leaves range from large, round rainforest types to the needle-like variety. Hairless and green on the surface, the leaf bears white or ash colored silky hair underneath. It is alternate and two to four inches in size. The pointed fern like leaves of Grevillea robusta give way to beautiful golden yellow bloom of the flowers during spring. (University of Connecticut). Grevillea robust leaf The leaves cause quite a litter at the onset of spring as they begin to shed in large numbers. (Edward F. Gilman and Dennis G. Watson). Pollination The plant's reproduction system is unique and contains both the male and female functions. The flower performs bisexual functions by its ability to reproduce on its own.Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 1 shows the Grevillea robusta immature flower with the perianth (four dark pink yellow border strips). Figure 2 shows G. robusta mature flower without the perianth and the ovary, style and the pollen presenter with stigma visible. The outer part of the flower is a bract called perianth. The bract is a scale like covering found around the lower part of a flower. It is hard and protects the inner portion

Reading paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reading paper - Essay Example However, most women find it hard to lose weight, and if they lose the weight, they find it extremely hard to maintain a low weight. Poor feeding habits mainly causes this. However, this also applies to men. Most men struggle to keep their weight under check while aiming to be more masculine. However, some men find it comfortable having much weight and associate weight with wealth. This is mostly in societies where most wealthy people tend to be big compared to the poor people. Weight is also connected to health with people with much weight being considered unhealthy. Too much weight is unhealthy and should be avoided at all cost. Obesity, which is a case of too much weight, makes the affected feel out of place and lowers their self- esteem. Children too are affected by weight issues. Parents have a responsibility to ensure that their children are of the appropriate weight by checking their diets. However, most people struggle with weight issues, especially the young people because of the current eating habits. Most people feed on fast food and this is evidenced by the number of people in a fast food hotel at any time in towns. The current working trends promote the unhealthy diets since people have limited time to prepare meals. During weekends and holidays, there are people who party most of the time and consume much unhealthy food. This too promotes weight gain. The problem of weight loss is affecting a high proportion of the world’s population, people are looking for ways out to reduce and maintain weight. This makes such an article important to read and gain more information about weight loss, since it affects not only adult men and women, but also children. Every day, people are on the lookout for new ways to increase fat burning and reduce weight. The increased concern on weight and the search for weight loss techniques have attracted my interest and made me choose this